How to Make Symbols With KeyBoard

1. Alt + 0153..... ™... trademark symbol
2. Alt + 0169.... ©.... copyright symbol
3. Alt + 0174..... ®....registered trademark symbol
4. Alt + 0176 ...°......degre¬e symbol
5. Alt + 0177 ...±....plus-or¬-minus sign
6. Alt + 0182 ...¶.....paragraph mark
7. Alt + 0190 ...¾....fractio¬n, three-fourths
8. Alt + 0215 ....×.....multi¬plication sign
9. Alt + 0162...¢....the cent sign
10. Alt + 0161.....¡..... .upside down exclamation point
11. Alt + 0191.....¿..... ¬upside down question mark
12. Alt + 1...........smiley face
13. Alt + 2 ......☻.....bla¬ck smiley face
14. Alt + 15.....☼.....su¬n
15. Alt + 12......♀.....f emale sign
16. Alt + 11.....♂......m¬ale sign
17. Alt + 6.......♠.....s¬pade
18. Alt + 5.......♣...... ¬Club
19. Alt + 3............. ¬Heart
20. Alt + 4.......♦...... ¬Diamond
21. Alt + 13......♪.....e¬ighth note
22. Alt + 14......♫...... ¬beamed eighth note
23. Alt + 8721.... ∑.... N-ary summation (auto sum)
24. Alt + 251.....√.....s¬quare root check mark
25. Alt + 8236.....∞..... ¬infinity
26. Alt + 24.......↑..... ¬up arrow
27. Alt + 25......↓...... ¬down arrow
28. Alt + 26.....→.....ri¬ght arrow
29. Alt + 27......←.....l¬eft arrow
30. Alt + 18.....↕......u¬p/down arrow
31. Alt + 29......↔... left right arrow

 BOOKS N AUTHORS 

1. “Ahmev Radha, Ahmev Krishnah” - Gulab Kothari
2. Ye Jo Hai Pakistan' - Shivendra Kumar Singh
3. A Brush with Life - Satish Gujral
4. A Bend in the river - V.S. Naipaul
5. God of Small things - Arundhati Rai
6. Inheritance of Loss - Kiran Desai.
7. Joseph Anton - Sulman Rushdie (Autobiography)
8. “Khushwantnama-The Lessons of My Life “ – Khushwant singh
9. Lajja - Taslima Nasrim.
10. My Unforgettable Memories - Mamata Banerjee
11. "Muslim in Indian cities” - Christophe Jaffrelot & Laurent Gayer
12. My country My Life - L.K.Advani
13. My Music My Life - Pt Ravi Shankar
14. Revolution 2020 - Chetan Bhagat
15. Runs in Ruins — Sunil Gavaskar

Deputy Chairman of the Planning Commission in India

1 Gulzari Lal Nanda— 17 February 1953 to 21 September 1963 

2 V.T. Krishnamachari— 17 February 1953 to 21 June 1960 

3 C.M. Trivedi— 22 September 1963 to 2 December 1963 

4 Ashok Mehta— 3 December 1963 to 1 September 1967 

5 D.R. Gadgil— 2 September 1967 to 1 May 1971 

6 C. Subramaniam— 2 May 1971 to 22 July 1972 

7 Durga Prasad Dhar— 23 July 1972 to 31 December 1974 

8 P.N. Haksar— 4 January 1975 to 31 May 1977 

9 D.T. Lakdawala— 1 June 1977 to 15 February 1980 

10 N.D. Tiwari— 8 August 1981 (data by facebook/cnaonweb

11 S.B. Chavan— 9 August 1981 to 19 July 1984 

12 Prakash Chandra Sethi— 20 July 1984 to 31 October 1984 

13 P.V. Narasimha Rao— 1 November 1984 to14 January 1985 

14 Manmohan Singh— 15 January 1985 to 31 August 1987 

15 P. Shiv Shankar— 25 July 1987 to 29 June 1988(data by facebook/cnaonweb 

16 Madhav Singh Solanki— 30 June 1988 to 16 August 1989 

17 Ramakrishna Hegde— 5 December 1989 to 6 July 1990 

18 Madhu Dandavate— 7 July 1990 to 10 December 1990 

19 Mohan Dharia— 11 December 1990 to 24 June 1991 

20 Pranab Mukherjee— 24 June 1991 to 15 May 1996(data by facebook/cnaonweb 

21 Madhu Dandavate— 1 August 1996 to 21 March 1998 

22 Jaswant Singh— 25 March 1998 to 4 February 1999 

23 K.C. Pant— 5 February 1999 to 17 June 2004 

24 Montek Singh Ahluwalia—6 July 2004

Top 10 Countries By Length Of Coastline (Coastline in km)

1 Canada– 202,080

2 Indonesia– 54,716

3 Greenland(Denmark)– 44,087

4 Russia– 37,653

5 Philippines– 36,289

6 Japan– 29,751 (data by facebook/cnaonweb

7 Australia– 25,760

8 Norway– 25,148

9 United States– 19,924

10 New Zealand– 15,134

Ranking of States in India by Literacy Rate (2011 Census)

1. Kerala – 93.91%
2. Mizoram – 91.6%
3. Tripura – 87.8%
4. Goa – 87.4%
5. Himachal Pradesh – 83.8%
6. Nagaland – 82.9%
7. Sikkim – 82.2%
8. Tamil Nadu – 80.3%
9. Maharashtra- 80.1%
10. Punjab – 79.9%
11. Manipur – 79.8%
12. Uttarakhand – 79.6%
13. Gujarat – 79.3%
14. West Bengal – 77.1%
15. Haryana – 76.6%
16. Karnataka – 75.6%
17. Meghalaya – 75.5%
18. Odisha – 73.45%
19. Assam – 73.2%
20. Chattisgarh – 71%
21. Madhya Pradesh – 70.6%
22. Uttar Pradesh – 71.7%
23. Jammu and Kashmir – 68.7%
24. Andhra Pradesh – 67.7%
25. Jharkhand – 67.6%
26. Rajasthan – 67.1%
27. Arunachal Pradesh – 67%
28. Bihar – 63.8%

Most Important Portals & their Founders 

1. Google— Larry Page & Sergey Brin
2. Facebook— Mark Zuckerberg
3. Yahoo— David Filo & Jerry Yang
4. Twitter— Jack Dorsey & Dick Costolo
5. Internet— Tim Berners Lee
6. Linkdin— Reid Hoffman, Allen Blue& Koonstantin Guericke
7. Email— Shiva Ayyadurai
8. Gtalk— Richard Wah kan
9. Whats up— Laurel Kirtz
10. Hotmail— Sabeer Bhatia
11. Orkut— Buyukkokten
12. Wikipedia— Jimmy Wales
13. You tube— Steve Chen, Chad Hurley & JawedKarim
14. Rediffmail— Ajit Balakrishnan
15. Nimbuzz— Martin Smink & Evert Jaap Lugt
16. Myspace— Chris Dewolfe & Tom Anderson
17. Ibibo— Ashish Kashyap
18. OLX— Alec Oxenford & Fabrice Grinda
19. Skype— Niklas Zennstrom,JanusFriis & Reid Hoffman
20. Opera— Jon Stephenson von Tetzchner & Geir lvarsoy
21. Mozilla Firefox— Dave Hyatt & Blake Ross
22. Blogger— Evan Willams

Presidents of the Bharatiya Janata Party(BJP)

1980–1986—Atal Bihari Vajpayee 
1986–1991—Lal Krishna Advani First Term
1991–1993—Murli Manohar Joshi 
1993–1998—Lal Krishna Advani Second Term
1998–2000—Kushabhau Thakre
2000–2001—Bangaru Laxman
2001–2002—Jana Krishnamurthi
2002–2004—Venkaiah Naidu
2004–2006—Lal Krishna Advani Third Term
2006–2009—Rajnath Singh First Term
2009–2013—Nitin Gadkari First Term
2013 – present—Rajnath Singh Second Term

Important Acronyms for Banking & Finance terms (O—Z)

OMO— Open Market Operation
OSMOS— Off-Site Monitoring and Surveillance
OSS —Off-Site Surveillance
OTC— Over-the-Counter
PACS —Primary Agricultural Credit Society
PAD —Public Accounts Department
PAN— Permanent Account Number
PCARDBs— Primary Cooperative Agriculture and Rural Development Banks
PDAI— Primary Dealers Association of India
PDO— Public Debt Office
PDO-NDS— Public Debt Office - Negotiated Dealing System
PDs— Primary Dealers
PIO— Person of Indian Origin
PSS Act —Payment and Settlement Systems Act
QD— Quarterly Discussion
RBS— Risk Based Supervision
RBSC— Reserve Bank Staff College
RFC— Resident Foreign Currency Account
RFC(D) —Resident Foreign Currency (Domestic) Account
RIDF— Rural Infrastructure Development Fund
RRBs— Regional Rural Banks
RTGS— Real Time Gross Settlement
SACPs— Special Agricultural Credit Plans
SBI —State Bank of India
SCARDBs— State Cooperative Agriculture and Rural Development Banks
SDDS —Special Data Dissemination Standards
SDR— Special Drawing Rights
SEBI— Securities and Exchange Board of India
SGL— Subsidiary General Ledger
SHGs— Self-Help Groups
SIPS —Systemically Important Payment System
SLBC— State Level Bankers’ Committee
SLR— Statutory Liquidity Ratio
SMEs— Small and Medium Enterprises
SPMCIL —Security Printing and Minting Corporation of India Ltd.
SSI— Small Scale Industries
StCB —State Co-operative Bank
TAC— Technical Advisory Committee
TAFCUBs —Task Force for Urban Co-operative Banks
TBs— Treasury Bills
UCBs —Urban Cooperative Banks
USD— United States Dollar
UTI— Unit Trust of India
WI— When Issued
WMA —Ways and Means Advances
WOS— Wholly Owned Subsidiary
ZTC— Zonal Training Center

Some Amazing Facts:

1. China has more English speakers than the United States.

2. Guinness Book of Records holds the record for being the book most stolen from Public Libraries.
3. In Missouri, a man must have a permit to shave.
4. The Mona Lisa has no eyebrows; it was the fashion in Renaissance Florence to shave them off.
5. The Nobel Peace Prize medal depicts three naked men with their
hands on each other's shoulders.
6. It is estimated that millions of trees in the world are accidentally
planted by squirrels that bury nuts and then forget where they hid them.
7. Recycling one glass jar, saves enough energy to watch T.V for 3 hours!
8. There are more plastic flamingos in the U.S, than real ones!
9. A company in Taiwan makes dinnerware out of wheat, so you can
eat your plate.
10. Thomas Edison, light bulb inventor, was afraid of the dark.
11. President George W Bush was once a cheerleader.
12. More Monopoly money is printed in a year, than real money printed throughout the world.
13. On a Canadian two dollar bill, the flag flying over the Parliament
building is an American flag.

10 TALLEST MOUNTAINS OF THE WORLD :

1. Mount Everest— 29,035 ft (8,848m) Nepal
2. K2 — 28,250 ft (8,611 m) India
3. Kangchenjunga— 28,169 ft (8,586m) Nepal
4. Lhotse —27,920 ft (8,501 m) Nepal
5. Makalu — 27,765 ft (8,462 m) Nepal
6. Cho Oyu— 26,906 ft (8,201 m) Nepal
7. Dhaulagiri— 26,794 ft (8,167 m) Nepal
8. Manaslu I— 26,758 ft (8,156 m) Nepal
9. Nanga Parbat —26,658 ft (8,125 m) Pakistan
10. Annapurna — 26,545 ft (8,091 m) Nepal

Important International Lines

1. Radcliffe Line---- India and Pakistan
2. McMahon Line--- India and China
3. Durand Line ------Pakistan and Afghanistan
4. Maginot Line -----France and Germany
5. 38th Parallel -----North and South Korea
6. 17th Parallel----- North and South Vietnam
7. 49th Parallel -----USA and Canada

 TOP 10 RICHEST COUNTRIES IN THE WORLD 

*****************************************

1. # Qatar: GDP (Per Capita $) : 102,768.60.
2. # Luxembourg: GDP (Per Capita $) : 80,679.06.
3. # Singapore: GDP (Per Capita $) : 60,883.33.
4. # Norway: GDP (Per Capita $) : 55,264.45.
5. # HongKong: GDP (Per Capita $) : 50,708.95.
6. # Brunei: GDP (Per Capita $) : 50,526.35.
7. # USA: GDP (Per Capita $) : 49,802.15.
8. # United # Arab # Emirates: GDP (Per Capita $) : 48,992.47.
9. # Switzerland: GDP (Per Capita $) : 45,285.8.
10. # Kuwait: GDP (Per Capita $) : 43,846.72.

List of Major Countries and their Currencies

1) India: Rupee
2) Pakistan : Pakistan Rupee
3) Bangladesh: Taka
4) USA: Dollar
5) China: Renminbi (yuan)
6) Japan: Yen
7) Korea: WOn
8)Indonesia: Rupiah
9) Maldives: rufiyaa
10) Iraq: Irazi Dinar
11) Iran: Rial
12) Saudi Arabia: Riyal
13) Uniked Kingdom: Pound
14) Russia: Rubble
15) UAE: Dirham
16) Bhutan: Nagultrum
17) Australia: Aurtralian Dollar
18) Frnace: Fran
19) Sri Lanka: Sri Lanka Rupee
20) Brazil: Real
21) Germany: Euro
22) Italy: Euro
23) Philipines: Peso
24) Vietnam: Vietnamese dong
25) Myanmar: Burmese kyat

       FINANCE RELATED PARLIAMENTARY TERMS 

1. BUDGET :-
Annual Financial statement of the estimated receipts and expenditure of the Government of India for a financial year
2. DEMAND FOR GRANT :-
The estimate of expenditure in respect of a Ministry/Department not charged upon the Consolidated Fund of India, placed for approval before the House on the recommendationsof the President.
3. FINANCE BILL :-
A Bill ordinarily introduced each year to give effect to the financial proposals of the Government for the following financial year
4. MONEY BILL :-
A bill containing only provisions dealing with all or any of the matters specified in sub-clauses (a) to (g) of Clause (1) of Articel 110 of the Constitution. (Such a bill cannot be introduced without the recommendation of the President and it also cannot be introduced in the Rajya Sabha.
5. APPROPRIATION BILL :-
A Bill passed annually (or at various times of the year) providing for the withdrawal or appropriation from and out of the Consolidated Fund of India of moneys by Lok Sabha and moneys charged on the Consolidated Fund for the services of a financial year or a part thereof.
6. CUT MOTION :-
A motion for reduction of a demand for grant by or to a specified amount. Cut motion can be of three types - Disapproval of policy cut, Economy cut and Token cut
7. VOTE ON ACCOUNT :-
A grant made by Lok Sabha in advance in respect of the estimated expenditure of the Government of India for a part of a financial year pending the voting of Demands for Grants for the financial year. A Motion for Vote on Account is dealt with in the same way as if it were a demand for grant.

                NEW APPOINTMENTS IN 2013.

1. Sujata Singh – New Foreign Sec. She succeeded Ranjan Mathai
2. Justice P Sathasivam - New CJI(40th Chief Justice of India). He Succeeded Altamas Kabir’s
3. Avinash Chander - New Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO Chief) replaced V. K. Saraswat
4. Infosys appoints Narayana Murthy as Executive Chairman
5. Sunil Soni – New Director General of Bureau of Indian Standards
6. Shashi Kant Sharma - New Comptroller and Auditor General (CAG) of India, replaced Vinod Rai.
7. Kushal Singh - New Chairperson of National Commission for Protection of Child Rights (NCPCR) –
8. Justice Sanjay Kishan Kaul- takes oath as new CJ of Punjab & Haryana high court
9. Sudha Sharma: New CBDT chief (Central Board of Direct Taxes). She succeeded Poonam Kishore Saxena
10. K R Kamath Re-Elected as the Chairman of Indian Banks' Association (IBA)
11. SK Roy- New Chairman of Life Insurance Corporation
12. Asian Athletics Association President's - Dahlan Jumaan Al-Hamad
13-Who is Chairperson of National Women Commission? Ans) Ms Mamta Sharma

>> IMPORTANT CURRENT AFFAIRS : 22.09.2013 <<*******************************************

1. Top China Communist Party leader Bo Xilai was on 22 September 2013 sentenced to life imprisonment by a Chinese court which upheld the charges of bribery, embezzlement and abuse of power against him.

2. Justice Darmar Murugesan, the former Chief Justice of Delhi High Court on 21 September 2013 appointed as member of the National Human Rights Commission (NHRC) for a five-year term.

3. Kenya's president says that 39 people have been killed and more than 150 injured by armed terrorists who attacked an upscale mall in Nairobi.

4. A pair of suicide bombers detonated their explosives outside a historic church in northwestern Pakistan on Sunday, killing 75 people in the deadliest-ever attack on the country's Christian minority, officials said.

5. Red Bull's Sebastian Vettel cruised to a third straight Singapore Grand Prix victory on Sunday and moved 60 points clear of Ferrari's Fernando Alonso after a dominant drive under the floodlights at the Marina Bay Street Circuit.

6. Govt. laid the foundation stone of the HPCL Rajasthan Refinery & Petrochemicals Complex at Pachpadra in Barmer district of Rajasthan today. The refinery being set up at an estimated cost of over 37 thousand crore rupees is expected to commence oil production in 2017-18.

7. IAS officer Durga Shakti Nagpal's suspension revoked by Uttar Pradesh government.

8. State-owned steel maker Steel Authority of India Limited (SAIL) plans to invest around Rs. 800 crore to develop Bhilwara iron ore mine in Rajasthan and set up a pellet plant with 2 million tonne per annum capacity at the site.

9. The Reserve Bank of India rolled back the marginal standing facility rate (MSF) by 75 basis points from 10. 25 per cent to 9.50 per cent. MSF rate is the rate at which banks borrow funds overnight from the RBI against approved Government securities.

10. Over the last decade, the US has made considerable forays into the Indian defence market, bagging deals worth Rs 45,000 crore and waiting to sign more contracts worth nearly Rs 30,000 crore in the next couple of years.

****Important information on Nationalised 

Banks****

1.The oldest Joint Stock Bank of India --Allahabad Bank

2. The bank founded by Freedom Fighter Dr. Bhogaraju Pattabhi Sitaramayya --Andhra Bank

3. First bank to open a branch outside India -- Bank of India, London, 1946

4. The first bank to be given an ISO 9002 certificate for one of its branches --Canara Bank

5. The Postal Dept has issued a commemorative stamp in the name of this bank celebrating 100 years in 2011 --Central Bank of India

6. First Indian Bank to be wholly owned by Indians--Central Bank of India

7. The bank formed on the efforts of Lala Lajpat Rai --Punjab National Bank

8. The only merger of nationalised banks took place between --Punjab National Bank and New Bank of India in 1993

9. The bank whose brand equity is "Pygmy Deposit Scheme" --Syndicate Bank

10. The bank which was conceived by Shri GD Birla --UCO Bank

11. The bank which was inaugurated by Mahatma Gandhi in 1919 -- Union Bank of India

12. The largest among nationalised banks --Punjab National Bank

13. The bank established in the year 1913 as Bank of Mysore Ltd. at the instance of the banking committee headed by the great Engineer-Statesman, Late Dr. Sir M.Visvesvaraya -- State Bank of Mysore

Company Name Origin/Meaning …

1.Mercedes - Name of the daughter of the
founder

2.Nokia - Name of city in Finland

3.Pepsi - Named from the digestive enzyme
pepsi

4.Honda - From the name of its founder
Soichiro Honda

5.Sony - from the Latin word 'sonus'
meaning sound

6.Maggi - Food company named after its
founder,Julius Maggi

7.Suzuki - From the name of its founder,
Michio Suzuki

8.Samsung - Meaning 'three stars' in Korea

9. Toyota - From the name of founder,
Sakichi Toyoda

10.Yamaha - After Torakusu Yamaha, who
founded the company

11.Adidas - From the name of the founder
Adolf (Adi) Dassler. (das)

Important Committees on Banking & Finance

1 DR Gadgil Committee (1944) — Agricultural Finance
2 Mahalanobis Committee (1964) — National Income
3 DR Gadgil Committee 1968— Social approach on banking review of institutional condition
4 FKF Nariman Committee 1969— Branch expansion programme
5 Hathi Committee 1970— Soiled Bank Notes
6 Chatalier Committee 1970— Finance to small scale industry
7 Khusro Committee 1970— Small village and cottage industry
8 Dandekar Committee 1970— Regional imbalances
9 Varshney Committee 1975— Revised method for loans of Rs.2 lac or more
10 N Narsimhan Committee 1975— Establishment of RRBs
11 CE Kamathv Committee 1976— Multi-institutional approach in Agr finance
12 Dr RK Hajari Committee 1976— Coordinationn between coop credit institutions
13 NL Dantwala Committee 1978— Viability of RRBs
14 James Raj Committee 1978— Systems and procedures of working in PSBs
15 Baldev Singh Committee 1978— Simplification of loan

Comptroller and Auditors General (CAG) of India since 

Independence

1. V. Narahari Rao —1948—1954
2. A. K. Chanda 1954— 1960
3. A. K. Roy 1960— 1966
4. S. Ranganathan 1966— 1972
5. A. Bakshi 1972— 1978
6. Gian Prakash 1978— 1984
7. T. N. Chaturvedi 1984— 1990
8. C. G. Somiah 1990— 1996
9. V. K. Shunglu 1996— 2002
10. V. N. Kaul 2002— 2008
11. Vinod Rai 2008— 2013
12. Shashi Kant Sharma 2013— Incumbent

(TERM- 6 years tenure or 65 years of age, whichever is earlier)

Punch lines of Commercial Banks in India

Hum Hai Na— ICICI 
Good People To Grow With — Indian Overseas Bank 
Pure banking nothing else, —State Bank Of India
Tradition Of Trust—Allahabad Bank 
Trusted Family Bank— Dena Bank 
Good People To Bank With —Union Bank Of India 
World's Local Bank—HSBC
We Understand Your World—HDFC 
Much More To Do With YOU In Focus—Andhra Bank
A Friend You Can Bank Upon—Vijaya Bank
Together We Prosper— Bank Of Rajasthan
Your Perfect Banking Partner—Federal Bank
Taking Banking Technology To The Common Man— Indian Bank
Experience Our Expertise— Yes Bank
Build A Better Life around Us—Central Bank Of India
Serving To Empower—J & K Bank
The Changing Face Of Prosperity —Lakshami Vilas Bank
Where Every Individual Is Committed —Oriental Bank Of Commerce
Aao Soche Bada—IDBI
A Faithful & Friendly Financial Partner— Syndicate Bank
Relationships Beyond Banking— Bank Of India
Honours Your Trust—Uco Bank
Smart Way To Bank—Karur Vaisya Bank
A Passion To Perform—Deutche Bank
Experience Next Generation Banking—South Indian Bank
The Name You Can Bank Upon—Punjab National Bank

TOP 10 TALLEST MOUNTAINS—

1. Mount Everest— 29,035 ft (8,848 m) Nepal

2. K2 — 28,250 ft (8,611 m) India

3. Kangchenjunga— 28,169 ft (8,586 m) Nepal

4. Lhotse —27,920 ft (8,501 m) Nepal

5. Makalu — 27,765 ft (8,462 m) Nepal

6. Cho Oyu— 26,906 ft (8,201 m) Nepal

7. Dhaulagiri— 26,794 ft (8,167 m) Nepal

8. Manaslu I— 26,758 ft (8,156 m) Nepal

9. Nanga Parbat —26,658 ft (8,125 m) Pakistan

10. Annapurna — 26,545 ft (8,091 m) Nepall

Minister of Home Affairs (India) since Independence

Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel –2 September 1946 to 15 December 1950
C. Rajagopalachari–26 December 1950 to 25 October 1951
Kailash Nath Katju –1951 to 1955
Govind Ballabh Pant –1955 to 1961
Lal Bahadur Shastri – 4 April 1961 to 29 August 1963
Gulzarilal Nanda – 29 August 1963 to 14 November 1966
Yashwantrao Chavan –14 November to 1966 27 June 1970
Indira Gandhi –27 June 1970 to 4 February 1973
Uma Shankar Dikshit – 4 February 1973 to 1974
Kasu Brahmananda Reddy – 1974 to 24 March 1977
Charan Singh – 24 March 1977 to 1 July 1978
Morarji Desai –1 July 1978 to 28 July 1979
Yashwantrao Chavan –28 July 1979 to 14 January 1980
Giani Zail Singh –14 January 1980 to 22 June 1982
R. Venkataraman– 22 June 1982 to 2 September 1982
Prakash Chandra– Sethi 2 September 1982 to 19 July 1984
P. V. Narasimha Rao– 19 July 1984 to 31 December 1984
Shankarrao Chavan – 31 December 1984 to 12 March 1986
P. V. Narasimha Rao – 12 March 1986 to 12 May 1986
Sardar Buta Singh – 12 May 1986 to 2 December 1989
Mufti Mohammad Sayeed– 1989 to 10 November 1990
Chandra Shekhar – 10 November to 1990 21 June 1991
Shankarrao Chavan– 21 June 1991 to 16 May 1996
Murli Manohar Joshi– 16 May 1996 to 1 June 1996
Indrajit Gupta – 1 June 1996 to 19 March 1998
L. K. Advani – 19 March 1998 to 22 May 2004
Shivraj Patil – 22 May 2004 to 30 November 2008
P. Chidambaram – 30 November 2008 to 31 July 2012
Sushilkumar Shinde– 31 July 2012 Incumbent

Largest banks in the World ranked by Total Assets in –2013 

(Total assets, US$bn & as per Balance sheet on 31.03.2013)

1 Industrial & Commercial Bank of China (ICBC) (China) — 2,953.85 
2 HSBC Holdings (UK) — 2,681.36 
3 Deutsche Bank (Germany) — 2,597.36 
4 Credit Agricole Group (France) — 2,582.42 
5 BNP Paribas (France) —2,507.96 
6 Mitsubishi UFJ Financial Group (Japan) 2,486.31 
7 Barclays PLC (UK) — 2,414.78
8 JP Morgan Chase & Co (USA) — 2,389.35
9 China Construction Bank Corporation (China) — 2,361.60
10 Japan Post Bank (Japan) — 2,118.84
11 Agricultural Bank of China (China) — 2,295.80
12 Bank of America (USA) — 2,174.61
13 Bank of China (China) — 2,130.82
14 Royal Bank of Scotland Group (UK) — UK 1,979.14
15 Citigroup Inc (USA) — 1,881.73
16 Mizuho Financial Group (Japan) — 1,881.03
17 Banco Santander (Spain) — 1,637.74
18 Societe Generale (France) — 1,592.51
19 Sumitomo Mitsui Financial Group (Japan) — 1,576.58
20 ING Group (Netherlands) — 1,508.71

Important Phobias –A 

Ablutophobia- Fear of washing or bathing.
Acarophobia- Fear of itching or of the insects that cause itching.
Acerophobia- Fear of sourness.
Achluophobia- Fear of darkness.
Acousticophobia- Fear of noise.
Acrophobia- Fear of heights.
Aerophobia- Fear of drafts, air swallowing, or airbourne noxious substances.
Aeroacrophobia- Fear of open high places.
Aeronausiphobia- Fear of vomiting secondary to airsickness.
Agateophobia- Fear of insanity.
Agliophobia- Fear of pain.
Agoraphobia- Fear of open spaces or of being in crowded, public places like markets. Fear of leaving a safe place.
Agraphobia- Fear of sexual abuse.
Agrizoophobia- Fear of wild animals.
Agyrophobia- Fear of streets or crossing the street.
Aichmophobia- Fear of needles or pointed objects.
Ailurophobia- Fear of cats.
Albuminurophobia- Fear of kidney disease.
Alektorophobia- Fear of chickens.
Algophobia- Fear of pain.
Alliumphobia- Fear of garlic.
Allodoxaphobia- Fear of opinions.
Altophobia- Fear of heights.
Amathophobia- Fear of dust.
Amaxophobia- Fear of riding in a car.
Ambulophobia- Fear of walking.
Amnesiphobia- Fear of amnesia.
Amychophobia- Fear of scratches or being scratched.
Anablephobia- Fear of looking up.
Ancraophobia- Fear of wind. (Anemophobia)
Androphobia- Fear of men.
Anemophobia- Fear of air drafts or wind.(Ancraophobia)
Anginophobia- Fear of angina, choking or narrowness.
Anglophobia- Fear of England or English culture, etc.
Angrophobia - Fear of anger or of becoming angry.
Ankylophobia- Fear of immobility of a joint.
Anthrophobia or Anthophobia- Fear of flowers.
Anthropophobia- Fear of people or society.
Antlophobia- Fear of floods.
Anuptaphobia- Fear of staying single.
Apeirophobia- Fear of infinity.
Aphenphosmphobia- Fear of being touched. (Haphephobia)
Apiphobia- Fear of bees.
Apotemnophobia- Fear of persons with amputations.
Arachibutyrophobia- Fear of peanut butter sticking to the roof of the mouth.
Arachnephobia or Arachnophobia- Fear of spiders.
Arithmophobia- Fear of numbers.
Arrhenphobia- Fear of men.
Arsonphobia- Fear of fire.
Asthenophobia- Fear of fainting or weakness.
Astraphobia or Astrapophobia- Fear of thunder and lightning.(Ceraunophobia, Keraunophobia)
Astrophobia- Fear of stars or celestial space.
Asymmetriphobia- Fear of asymmetrical things.
Ataxiophobia- Fear of ataxia. (muscular incoordination)
Ataxophobia- Fear of disorder or untidiness.
Atelophobia- Fear of imperfection.
Atephobia- Fear of ruin or ruins.
Athazagoraphobia- Fear of being forgotton or ignored or forgetting.
Atomosophobia- Fear of atomic explosions.
Atychiphobia- Fear of failure.
Aulophobia- Fear of flutes.
Aurophobia- Fear of gold.
Auroraphobia- Fear of Northern lights.
Autodysomophobia- Fear of one that has a vile odor.
Automatonophobia- Fear of ventriloquist's dummies, animatronic creatures, wax statues - anything that falsly represents a sentient being.
Automysophobia- Fear of being dirty.
Autophobia- Fear of being alone or of oneself.
Aviophobia or Aviatophobia- Fear of flying.

Man Booker Prize for Fiction –Books & winners (All- time)

2012- Bring Up the Bodies (Hilary Mantel)
2011 - The Sense of an Ending (Barnes) 
2010 - The Finkler Question (Jacobson) 
2009 - Wolf Hall (Mantel)
2008 - The White Tiger (Adiga)
2007 - The Gathering (Enright)
2006 - The Inheritance of Loss (Desai)
2005 - The Sea (Banville)
2004 - The Line of Beauty (Hollinghurst)
2003 - Vernon God Little (Pierre)
2002 - Life of Pi (Martel)
2001 - True History of the Kelly Gang (Carey)
2000 - The Blind Assassin (Atwood)
1999 - Disgrace (Coetzee)
1998 - Amsterdam: A Novel (McEwan)
1997 - The God of Small Things (Roy)
1996 - Last Orders (Swift)
1995 - The Ghost Road (Barker)
1994 - How Late It Was, How Late (Kelman)
1993 - Paddy Clarke Ha Ha Ha (Doyle)
1992 - The English Patient (Ondaatje)
1992 - Sacred Hunger (Unsworth)
1991 - The Famished Road (Okri)
1990 - Possession: A Romance (Byatt)
1989 - The Remains of the Day (Ishiguro)
1988 - Oscar and Lucinda (Carey)
1987 - Moon Tiger (Lively)
1986 - The Old Devils (Amis)
1985 - The Bone People (Hulme)
1984 - Hotel Du Lac (Brookner)
1983 - Life & Times of Michael K (Coetzee)
1982 - Schindler's Ark (Keneally)
1981 - Midnight's Children (Rushdie)
1980 - Rites of Passage (Golding)
1979 - Offshore (Fitzgerald)
1978 - The Sea, the Sea (Murdoch)
1977 - Staying on (Scott)
1976 - Saville (Storey)
1975 - Heat and Dust (Jhabvala)
1974 - The Conservationist (Gordimer)
1974 - Holiday (Middleton)
1973 - The Siege of Krishnapur (Farrell)
1972 - G. (Berger)
1971 - In a Free State (V. S. Naipaul )
1970 - The Elected Member (Bernice Rubens)
1969 - Something to Answer For (P.H.Newby)